Mastering the Digital Footnote: Your Ultimate Guide to Citing Websites
The Basics of Citing Websites
Quick answer
To cite a website in an essay, you typically need the author name, page title, website name, publication date, and the URL. Depending on your required style (MLA, APA, or Chicago), the order and punctuation of these elements will change. Proper digital citation ensures your work is credible and allows readers to verify your online research.
Citing Websites in MLA Style
MLA style is common in humanities. The format follows: Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of the Webpage." Name of Website, Day Month Year, URL. Note that you should remove the protocol (http://) from the link in MLA 9.
Citing Websites in APA Style
APA is used for social sciences. The format is: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site Name. URL. Unlike MLA, APA requires the full URL including the protocol.
Chicago Style and Digital Footnotes
Chicago style often uses footnotes. A typical footnote for a website includes the author, the page title in quotes, the website name, the publication or revision date, and the URL. If no date is available, include the date you accessed the site.
Handling Missing Information
It is common for websites to lack authors or dates. If the author is missing, move the title to the front. If the date is missing, use 'n.d.' (no date) for APA or simply provide your access date for MLA.
Evaluating Website Credibility
Before citing a site, check the domain (.edu, .gov, or .org are usually safer), the author's credentials, and how recently the page was updated. Avoid citing user-generated content like wikis or anonymous blog posts for academic work.
Final Citation Checklist
- Check for an author or corporate organization. 2. Locate the most recent update date. 3. Copy the exact URL. 4. Ensure the title is captured accurately. 5. Match the punctuation to your specific style guide.