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What is an expository essay

Explainer4 min·Updated May 2024

Expository essay definition

An expository essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea, and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner. Its primary purpose is to inform, explain, or describe a specific topic to the reader using factual evidence rather than personal opinion.

Expository vs. argumentative essays

Comparison table

<table><thead><tr><th>Dimension</th><th>Expository Essay</th><th>Argumentative Essay</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Primary Goal</td><td>To inform or explain</td><td>To persuade or convince</td></tr><tr><td>Tone</td><td>Neutral and objective</td><td>Persuasive and authoritative</td></tr><tr><td>Evidence</td><td>Factual data and definitions</td><td>Evidence used to support a claim</td></tr><tr><td>Thesis Statement</td><td>Explains what will be discussed</td><td>States a debatable position</td></tr><tr><td>Point of View</td><td>Strictly third-person</td><td>Third-person (usually)</td></tr><tr><td>Structure</td><td>Logical progression of facts</td><td>Claim, evidence, and counterclaim</td></tr></tbody></table>

Key characteristics of expository writing

Expository writing is defined by its clarity and focus. Unlike narrative essays, which tell a story, or descriptive essays, which paint a picture with words, the expository essay is technical and educational. It relies on a logical structure, typically the five-paragraph format, to lead the reader through a process, a comparison, or a cause-and-effect relationship. The writer remains a neutral observer, presenting information as it exists in reality without attempting to change the reader's mind.

Expository vs. argumentative examples

Example
The following examples show how the same topic is handled differently depending on the essay type.

**Topic: Solar Energy**

* **Expository Approach:** Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. This process involves the movement of electrons across silicon wafers to create a direct current.
* **Argumentative Approach:** Governments must subsidize solar panel installation because it is the only viable path to reducing national carbon emissions and achieving energy independence.

**Topic: The Great Depression**

* **Expository Approach:** The Great Depression began after the stock market crash of 1929 and was characterized by high unemployment rates and a significant decline in industrial production.
* **Argumentative Approach:** While many blame the stock market crash, the primary cause of the Great Depression's length was the restrictive monetary policy of the Federal Reserve.

When to use the expository approach

Choose the expository approach when your assignment asks you to 'explain,' 'define,' 'analyze,' or 'how-to.' If your prompt asks you to 'defend' or 'argue,' you should move toward an argumentative style. In an expository essay, your thesis should be a roadmap of facts, not a statement of your personal feelings.

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